Lab 2a: Dissecting A Cell And Examining Its Comtents
Purpose
What are the positive indicator tests for proteins, carbohydrates, and fats? Do parts of an egg test positive for protein, carbohydrates, and/or fats?
Materials
Eggs
beaker, 250 mL
white vinegar
plastic wrap
slotted spoon
sodium chloride
distilled water
beaker, 100 mL
pipets, 5 mL
pipet pump, green
Tubes. glass, 13 X 100 mm
peg racks for 13 X 100 mm tubes
Glucose (dextrose)
Benedict's solution
Hot plate stirrer
test tube holder
Starch, soluble
Lugol's Iodine Solution
Vortex mixer
Gelatin
Sodium Hydroxide
Cupric sulfate 5 - hydrate
Oil
Sudan IV Solution
Scalpel handles, #4
Scalpel blades, #22, for #4 handles
Trays, plastic
Procedure
Part 1: Separating Cell Structure
1) Place an egg, uncooked, in beaker with white vinegar. Then label it and cover it with a plastic wrap. Leave it for 1 or 2 days. While the shell is dissolving, proceed to Part II.
2) After 24 to 48 hours, the shell should of dissolved in the vinegar. Gently pick up the egg with and rinse it in water to remove the vinegar. A chemical reaction has happened here. What chemicals were involved as reactants and products?
3) Fell the outer membranes of the cell. The outer membrane, which is different from the membranes from around the yolk, provides a good model of a cell membrane. They are thin and flexable. To make sure water can enter and leave the cells place the egg in 5% NaCl Solution for 24 hours. When done, describe the appearance of the egg, and what could of caused that change.
4) Place the egg in water, then in a beaker of distilled water and wait 24 hours. When the time is up describe appearance of egg and what could of caused that change.
5) Slice open egg's membranes to retrieve cells. Try to get all the egg whit into the beaker without piercing the yolk.
6) Place the yolk in another beaker and set aside the membranes.
Part II: Testing Standard Solutions
Monosaccharide Indicator Standard Test
1. Test for glucose. Mix 2 mL of a 2% glucose solution with 2 mL of Benedict's solution in a test tube. Heat them for 2 minutes in a boiling hot water bath and record all color changes and the length of time for each color to appear.
2. Test for water. Mix 2 mL of deionized water with 2 mL of Benedict's solution in a test tube. Heat for 2 minutes in a boiling hot water bath and record all changes in color and the length of time for each color to appear.
Starch Indicator Standard Test
1. Test for starch. Mix 2 mL of well-mixed starch suspension with 0.25 mL of Lugol's Iodine in a test tube. Gently mix and record the color change.
2. Test for water. Mix 2 mL of deionized water with 0.25 mL of Lugol's Iodine. Gently mix and record the color change.
Protein Indicator Standard Test
1. Test for protein. Put 2 mL of gelatin in a test tube and add 1 mL of Biuret and vortex the mix. Add 0.25 mL of 5% copper solfate and mix. Mix well and record the color change after 30 seconds.
2. Test for water. Put 2 mL of deionized water in a test tube and add 1 mL of Biuret and gently vortex to mix. Add 0.25 mL of 5% Copper Sulfate and mix well. Record color change after 30 seconds.
Lipid Indicator Standard Test
1. Test for lipids. Put a drop of oil on a piece of brown bag and let it dry for 10 minutes. Then hold the paper up to light and record how translucient the bag is.
2. Test for water. Place a drop of water on a piece of brown paper bag and let it dry for 10 minutes. Hold it up to the light and record how translucsent the bag is.
Part III: Molecular Composition of Egg Components
1) Conduct an indicator test but test each egg component to test for sugar, starch, protein, or fat. Make sure not to add any standard solution.
2)Record results of all parts of egg on another data table.
3) Give a number based on the test results using the key below. Also, write a brief discription based on the color changes.
3 = very strong / positive test
2 = strong / positive test
1 = weak / positive test
0 = no color change in indicator / negative test
Data Results
Part I: Separating Cell Structures
Day 1: We put the egg in vinegar for 24 hours.
Day 2: The chemical reaction the occurred between CaCO3 + CH3COOH created H2CO3 + H2O + CO2. The shell was dissolved. Then we put the egg in salt water.
Day 3: The egg was smaller. This happened because the salt drew the water out of the egg. Then we put the egg in deionized water.
Day 4: Adding water to the egg, and this made the egg bigger. We then cut the egg open and it burst apart like a water balloon. This is also evidence to show that water had entered the egg.
Part II: Testing Standard Solutions
Purpose
What are the positive indicator tests for proteins, carbohydrates, and fats? Do parts of an egg test positive for protein, carbohydrates, and/or fats?
Materials
Eggs
beaker, 250 mL
white vinegar
plastic wrap
slotted spoon
sodium chloride
distilled water
beaker, 100 mL
pipets, 5 mL
pipet pump, green
Tubes. glass, 13 X 100 mm
peg racks for 13 X 100 mm tubes
Glucose (dextrose)
Benedict's solution
Hot plate stirrer
test tube holder
Starch, soluble
Lugol's Iodine Solution
Vortex mixer
Gelatin
Sodium Hydroxide
Cupric sulfate 5 - hydrate
Oil
Sudan IV Solution
Scalpel handles, #4
Scalpel blades, #22, for #4 handles
Trays, plastic
Procedure
Part 1: Separating Cell Structure
1) Place an egg, uncooked, in beaker with white vinegar. Then label it and cover it with a plastic wrap. Leave it for 1 or 2 days. While the shell is dissolving, proceed to Part II.
2) After 24 to 48 hours, the shell should of dissolved in the vinegar. Gently pick up the egg with and rinse it in water to remove the vinegar. A chemical reaction has happened here. What chemicals were involved as reactants and products?
3) Fell the outer membranes of the cell. The outer membrane, which is different from the membranes from around the yolk, provides a good model of a cell membrane. They are thin and flexable. To make sure water can enter and leave the cells place the egg in 5% NaCl Solution for 24 hours. When done, describe the appearance of the egg, and what could of caused that change.
4) Place the egg in water, then in a beaker of distilled water and wait 24 hours. When the time is up describe appearance of egg and what could of caused that change.
5) Slice open egg's membranes to retrieve cells. Try to get all the egg whit into the beaker without piercing the yolk.
6) Place the yolk in another beaker and set aside the membranes.
Part II: Testing Standard Solutions
Monosaccharide Indicator Standard Test
1. Test for glucose. Mix 2 mL of a 2% glucose solution with 2 mL of Benedict's solution in a test tube. Heat them for 2 minutes in a boiling hot water bath and record all color changes and the length of time for each color to appear.
2. Test for water. Mix 2 mL of deionized water with 2 mL of Benedict's solution in a test tube. Heat for 2 minutes in a boiling hot water bath and record all changes in color and the length of time for each color to appear.
Starch Indicator Standard Test
1. Test for starch. Mix 2 mL of well-mixed starch suspension with 0.25 mL of Lugol's Iodine in a test tube. Gently mix and record the color change.
2. Test for water. Mix 2 mL of deionized water with 0.25 mL of Lugol's Iodine. Gently mix and record the color change.
Protein Indicator Standard Test
1. Test for protein. Put 2 mL of gelatin in a test tube and add 1 mL of Biuret and vortex the mix. Add 0.25 mL of 5% copper solfate and mix. Mix well and record the color change after 30 seconds.
2. Test for water. Put 2 mL of deionized water in a test tube and add 1 mL of Biuret and gently vortex to mix. Add 0.25 mL of 5% Copper Sulfate and mix well. Record color change after 30 seconds.
Lipid Indicator Standard Test
1. Test for lipids. Put a drop of oil on a piece of brown bag and let it dry for 10 minutes. Then hold the paper up to light and record how translucient the bag is.
2. Test for water. Place a drop of water on a piece of brown paper bag and let it dry for 10 minutes. Hold it up to the light and record how translucsent the bag is.
Part III: Molecular Composition of Egg Components
1) Conduct an indicator test but test each egg component to test for sugar, starch, protein, or fat. Make sure not to add any standard solution.
2)Record results of all parts of egg on another data table.
3) Give a number based on the test results using the key below. Also, write a brief discription based on the color changes.
3 = very strong / positive test
2 = strong / positive test
1 = weak / positive test
0 = no color change in indicator / negative test
Data Results
Part I: Separating Cell Structures
Day 1: We put the egg in vinegar for 24 hours.
Day 2: The chemical reaction the occurred between CaCO3 + CH3COOH created H2CO3 + H2O + CO2. The shell was dissolved. Then we put the egg in salt water.
Day 3: The egg was smaller. This happened because the salt drew the water out of the egg. Then we put the egg in deionized water.
Day 4: Adding water to the egg, and this made the egg bigger. We then cut the egg open and it burst apart like a water balloon. This is also evidence to show that water had entered the egg.
Part II: Testing Standard Solutions
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File Size: | 0 kb |
File Type: | gdoc |
Part III:Molecular Composition of Egg Components
Data Analysis
What are positive indicator tests for proteins, carbohydrates, and fats? Do parts of an egg test positive for protein, carbohydrates, and fats?
Monosarrharide Test - the positive indicator for this test was to have a orangish-brown liquid at the end of two minutes.
Starch Test - for this positive indicator the liquid stayed black.
Protein Test - for this one after 30 seconds, the mixture turns black.
Lipid Test - for the lipid positive test it turns into a thick, pinkish substance.
The egg white tested positive for starch,glucose, fat, and protein. The egg yolk tested positive for glucose, fat, and protein, while it tested negative for starch. The egg membrane tested positive for glucose but tested negative for fat, protein, and starch.
Identify errors that may have lead to false test results. Suggest variations.
Human error is the number one thing that may have led to false test results. Human errors like improper measurement of liquids could have led to to false results.
Propose another application for indicator test.
Another indicator test is breathalyzer test. This test is performed by cops to see if drivers are driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. If a driver test positive for this test they are arrested and go to jail. To take tis test you blow into a tube for 5 seconds and that records your BAC (Blood Alcohol Content)
Reflection
1) What did you like/find interesting?
I liked seeing the egg after the shell was dissolved. You don't usually see eggs that way. I liked that because the egg looked like a bouncy ball. I also liked it when the egg exploded, it reminded me of a water balloon.
2) How did you and your partner collaborate?
Me and my partner, Jack Duffin, collaborated by talking things through when one of us didn't get it. We worked in a good manor and made sure we understood everything before moved on.
3) What would you do differently next time?
I of recorded what dates I took the testes on so I don't forget what I did on what day. Overall, I really liked the lab and learned a lot.
Data Analysis
What are positive indicator tests for proteins, carbohydrates, and fats? Do parts of an egg test positive for protein, carbohydrates, and fats?
Monosarrharide Test - the positive indicator for this test was to have a orangish-brown liquid at the end of two minutes.
Starch Test - for this positive indicator the liquid stayed black.
Protein Test - for this one after 30 seconds, the mixture turns black.
Lipid Test - for the lipid positive test it turns into a thick, pinkish substance.
The egg white tested positive for starch,glucose, fat, and protein. The egg yolk tested positive for glucose, fat, and protein, while it tested negative for starch. The egg membrane tested positive for glucose but tested negative for fat, protein, and starch.
Identify errors that may have lead to false test results. Suggest variations.
Human error is the number one thing that may have led to false test results. Human errors like improper measurement of liquids could have led to to false results.
Propose another application for indicator test.
Another indicator test is breathalyzer test. This test is performed by cops to see if drivers are driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. If a driver test positive for this test they are arrested and go to jail. To take tis test you blow into a tube for 5 seconds and that records your BAC (Blood Alcohol Content)
Reflection
1) What did you like/find interesting?
I liked seeing the egg after the shell was dissolved. You don't usually see eggs that way. I liked that because the egg looked like a bouncy ball. I also liked it when the egg exploded, it reminded me of a water balloon.
2) How did you and your partner collaborate?
Me and my partner, Jack Duffin, collaborated by talking things through when one of us didn't get it. We worked in a good manor and made sure we understood everything before moved on.
3) What would you do differently next time?
I of recorded what dates I took the testes on so I don't forget what I did on what day. Overall, I really liked the lab and learned a lot.